Intambwe yambere mubikorwa byose byo guhitamo ni guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye. Ibipimo byiza (indangagaciro zivunika, Umubare wa Abbe, kohereza, kwerekana), ibintu bifatika (ubukana, guhindura ibintu, ibibyimba byinshi, igipimo cya Poisson), ndetse nibiranga ubushyuhe (coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe, isano iri hagati yubushyuhe nubushyuhe) bwibikoresho bya optique Byose bizagira ingaruka imiterere ya optique yibikoresho byiza. Imikorere yibikoresho na sisitemu. Iyi ngingo izerekana muri make ibikoresho bisanzwe bya optique nibiranga.
Ibikoresho byiza bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bitatu: Ikirahure cya optique, kristu ya optique nibikoresho byihariye bya optique.
01 Ikirahure cyiza
Ikirahure cyiza ni amorphous (ikirahure) ibikoresho byo hagati bishobora kohereza urumuri. Umucyo unyuramo urashobora guhindura icyerekezo cyogukwirakwiza, icyiciro nimbaraga. Bikunze gukoreshwa mugukora ibice bya optique nka prism, lens, indorerwamo, Windows na filteri mubikoresho bya optique cyangwa sisitemu. Ikirahuri cyiza gifite umucyo mwinshi, ituze ryimiti nuburinganire bwumubiri muburyo n'imikorere. Ifite optique ihamye kandi yuzuye. Mubushyuhe buke buke, ikirahure cya optique kigumana imiterere ya amorphous yubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Byiza cyane, imiterere yimbere yumubiri nubumara yikirahure, nkibipimo byerekana, kwagura ubushyuhe bwumuriro, ubukana, ubushyuhe bwumuriro, amashanyarazi, modulus ya elastike, nibindi, ni bimwe mubyerekezo byose, byitwa isotropy.
Abakora cyane ibirahuri bya optique barimo Schott wo mu Budage, Corning ya Amerika, Ohara yo mu Buyapani, hamwe n’ikirahure cya Chengdu Guangming Glass (CDGM), nibindi.
Igishushanyo mbonera no gushushanya
optique yikirahure yerekana indangagaciro
Imirongo yoherejwe
02
Crystal optique yerekeza kubintu bya kristu ikoreshwa mubitangazamakuru byiza. Bitewe nuburyo buranga imiterere ya kristu ya optique, irashobora gukoreshwa cyane mugukora amadirishya atandukanye, lens, na prism kuri ultraviolet na infragre progaramu. Ukurikije imiterere ya kristu, irashobora kugabanywamo kristu imwe na polyikristaline. Ibikoresho bimwe bya kristu bifite ubunyangamugayo buhanitse hamwe no kohereza urumuri, kimwe no gutakaza amafaranga make, bityo kristu imwe ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri optique.
By'umwihariko: Ibikoresho bisanzwe bya UV hamwe na infragre ya kirisiti harimo: quartz (SiO2), fluoride calcium (CaF2), fluoride ya lithium (LiF), umunyu wamabuye (NaCl), silikoni (Si), germanium (Ge), nibindi.
Ikariso ya polarisiyasi: Ikoreshwa rya kristu ikunze gukoreshwa harimo calcite (CaCO3), quartz (SiO2), nitrate ya sodium (nitrate), nibindi.
Achromatic kristal: Ibiranga umwihariko wo gutatanya ibiranga kristu bikoreshwa mugukora intumbero ya acromatic. Kurugero, calcium fluoride (CaF2) ihujwe nikirahure kugirango ikore sisitemu ya acromatic, ishobora gukuraho aberrasique na spécran ya kabiri.
Laser kristal: ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byakazi bya laseri-ikomeye, nka ruby, fluoride calcium, neodymium-dope yttrium aluminium garnet kristal, nibindi.
Ibikoresho bya kirisiti bigabanijwemo ibisanzwe kandi byakuze. Kirisiti isanzwe ni gake cyane, biragoye gukura muburyo bwubukorikori, bigarukira mubunini, kandi bihenze. Mubisanzwe bitekerezwaho mugihe ibirahuri bidahagije, birashobora gukora mumurongo utagaragara wumucyo kandi bikoreshwa mubikorwa bya semiconductor na laser.
03 Ibikoresho bidasanzwe
a. Ikirahure-ceramic
Ikirahure-ceramic ni ibikoresho bidasanzwe bya optique bitari ikirahure cyangwa kirisiti, ariko ahantu hagati. Itandukaniro nyamukuru hagati yikirahure-ceramic nibirahuri bisanzwe bya optique ni ukubaho kwa kristu. Ifite imiterere ya kirisiti nziza kuruta ceramic. Ifite ibiranga coefficente yo kwagura ubushyuhe buke, imbaraga nyinshi, ubukana bwinshi, ubucucike buke, hamwe no guhagarara neza cyane. Ikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya kristu iringaniye, inkoni za metero zisanzwe, indorerwamo nini, laser giroscopes, nibindi.
Coefficient yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwa microcrystalline ibikoresho bya optique irashobora kugera kuri 0.0 ± 0.2 × 10-7 / ℃ (0 ~ 50 ℃)
b. Silicon Carbide
Carbide ya Silicon nibikoresho byihariye bya ceramic nayo ikoreshwa nkibikoresho byiza. Carbide ya silicon ifite ubukana bwiza, coefficente deformasiyo yubushyuhe buke, ituze ryiza ryumuriro, ningaruka zikomeye zo kugabanya ibiro. Bifatwa nkibikoresho byingenzi byindorerwamo nini nini kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu kirere, lazeri zifite ingufu nyinshi, semiconductor nizindi nzego.
Ibi byiciro byibikoresho bya optique birashobora kandi kwitwa ibikoresho byitangazamakuru rya optique. Usibye ibyiciro byingenzi byibikoresho byitangazamakuru rya optique, ibikoresho bya fibre optique, ibikoresho bya firime optique, ibikoresho bya kirisiti byamazi, ibikoresho bya luminescent, nibindi byose nibikoresho bya optique. Iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rya optique ntirishobora gutandukana nubuhanga bwa optique. Dutegereje iterambere ryiterambere ryibikoresho byigihugu cyanjye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-05-2024
