Uburebure bwibanze bwa sisitemu ya optique ibisobanuro no kugerageza uburyo

1.Uburebure bwa sisitemu ya optique

Uburebure bwibanze nicyo kimenyetso cyingenzi cya sisitemu ya optique, kubitekerezo byuburebure bwibanze, turabona byinshi, dusubiramo hano.
Uburebure bwibanze bwa sisitemu ya optique, bisobanurwa nkintera iri hagati ya sisitemu ya optique kugirango yibande kubitam iyo yibanda kubitam mugihe habaye urumuri rwibanze, ni urugero rwumucyo mubice bya optique. Dukoresha igishushanyo gikurikira kugirango tugaragaze iki gitekerezo.

Mu ishusho yavuzwe haruguru, ibyabaye bibangikanye kuva ibumoso, nyuma yo kunyura kuri sisitemu yo kumenya amakuru ya Opponsin Amashanyarazi ya Optique kuri P2, yitwa ingingo nkuru (cyangwa intera iri hagati yingingo yingenzi hamwe nibyibandaho byibanze, nicyo dusaba uburebure bwibanze, izina ryuzuye ni uburebure bwiza bwishusho.
Irashobora kandi kugaragara kuva ku gishushanyo kiva hejuru ya sisitemu ya optique kumwanya wibanze f 'yishusho yitwa inyuma yuburebure bwinyuma (BFL). Mu buryo buhuye, niba urumuri rubangikanye ruturutse kuruhande rwiburyo, hari kandi ibitekerezo byuburebure bwibanze nuburebure bwimbere (FFL).

2. Uburebure burebure bwo kwipimisha

Mubikorwa, hari uburyo bwinshi bushobora gukoreshwa mugupima uburebure bwibanze bwa sisitemu nziza. Hashingiwe ku mahame atandukanye, uburyo burebure bwo kwibandaho burashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu. Icyiciro cya mbere gishingiye kumwanya windege yishusho, icyiciro cya kabiri kikoresha isano iri hagati yo gukuza no kwibandaho kugirango ubone agaciro ka burebure, kandi icyiciro cya gatatu gikoresha umuhanda wa wavefront wo guhuza urumuri rwibanze kugirango ubone agaciro kanini.
Muri iki gice, tuzamenyekanisha uburyo busanzwe bwakoreshejwe bwo kugerageza uburebure bwibanze bwa sisitemu ya optique ::

2.1Cuburyo bwa ollimator

Ihame ryo gukoresha collimator kugirango ugerageze uburebure bwibanze bwa sisitemu ya optique ni nkuko bigaragara mu gishushanyo gikurikira:

Mu gishushanyo, icyitegererezo cyikizamini gishyirwa mubitekerezo bya collimator. Uburebure Y bwicyitegererezo cyikizamini hamwe nuburebure bwa F._c'ya Collimator arazwi. Nyuma yo kubarangaga beam yasohotse na Concimator yahujwe na sisitemu yogupimishije kandi igakoreshwa ku ndege ishusho, uburebure bwibanze bwa sisitemu ya optique irashobora kubarwa hashingiwe ku burebure Y 'mu ndege y'ibizamini ku ndege. Uburebure bwibanze bwa sisitemu yagenwe irashobora gukoresha formula ikurikira:

2.2 GaussianMethod
Igishushanyo cya Schematike cyuburyo bwa Gaussian cyo kugerageza uburebure bwibanze bwa sisitemu ya optique yerekanwe nkuko bikurikira:

Mu gishushanyo, imbere n'inyuma ya sisitemu ya optique mu kizamini ihagarariwe nka P na P ', kandi intera iri hagati yindege ebyiri zingenzi ni D._P. Muri ubu buryo, agaciro ka d_Pifatwa nkiza, cyangwa agaciro kayo ni nto kandi irashobora kwirengagizwa. Ikintu hamwe na ecran yakira ishyirwa ibumoso n'iburyo, kandi intera iri hagati yabo yanditswe nkuko L, aho l igomba kuba irenze inshuro 4 uburebure bwibanze bwa sisitemu mukigeragezo. Sisitemu iri mu kizamini irashobora gushyirwa mu myanya ibiri, yerekanwe nkumwanya 1 numwanya 2. Ikintu ibumoso kirashobora gushushanywa neza kuri ecran yakira. Intera iri hagati yibi birori byombi (byerekanwe nka d) birashobora gupimwa. Ukurikije umubano uhuriweho, turashobora kubona:

Muri iyi myanya yombi, intera yanditswe yanditswe nka S1 na S2, hanyuma S2 - D. Binyuze kuri formula, dushobora kubona uburebure bwibanze bwa sisitemu ya optique nkuko bikurikira:

2.3Labumviza
Lensemetero irakwiriye cyane kwipimisha igihe kirekire cyo kwibandaho. Igishusho cyacyo kirakurikira:

Ubwa mbere, lens mu kizamini ntabwo ishyirwa munzira nziza. Intego yitegereje ibumoso inyuzemo lens igarukira kandi iba itarangizwa. Urumuri rubangikanye rwahujwe na lens yo guhuza hamwe nuburebure bwibanze bwa f₂kandi ikora ishusho isobanutse mu ndege yerekana ishusho. Nyuma yinzira nziza, lens mu kizamini ishyirwa munzira nziza, nintera iri hagati yicyayi mu kizamini kandi lens yo guhuza ni f₂. Nkigisubizo, bitewe nigikorwa cyinyungu zikigeragezwa, urumuri rworoshye ruzasuzumwa, gitera impinduka mumwanya windege, bikaviramo ishusho isobanutse kumwanya mushya wishusho mu gishushanyo. Intera iri hagati yindege nshya ishusho hamwe ninteko yo guhuza igaragazwa nka x. Ukurikije umubano-ishusho yibintu, uburebure bwibanze bwinyungu burimo kwipimisha birashobora gutangwa nka:

Mubikorwa, Lensemetero yakoreshejwe cyane mu gupima hejuru y'ibipimo by'indorerezi, kandi bifite ibyiza byo gukora byoroshye no gusobanuka byizewe.

2.4 ABBERefcometer

Gutunganya abbe nubundi buryo bwo kugerageza uburebure bwibanze bwa sisitemu nziza. Igishusho cyacyo kirakurikira:

Shira abategetsi babiri bafite uburebure butandukanye bwimbitse bwinyungu zikigeragezo, ni ukuvuga igipimo cya 1. Uburebure bwa kabiri Intera iri hagati yinzabibu ebyiri ni e, na angle hagati yumurongo wo hejuru wumutegetsi hamwe na optique optique ni u. Umusembuzi ucungwaga na lens zipiganwa hamwe nuburebure bwibanze bwa f. Microscope yashizwe ku ishusho iherezo. Mu kwimura imyanya ya microscope, amashusho yo hejuru yinzuzi ebyiri. Muri iki gihe, intera iri hagati ya microscope hamwe na axis optique yerekanwe nka y. Ukurikije umubano-ishusho yibintu, dushobora kubona uburebure bwibanze nka:

2.5 Faire depletryBuryo
Uburyo bwa Moiré defuletometometry buzakoresha ibice bibiri byimyanzuro ya Ronchi muburyo bworoshye. RONCHI Icyemezo cya Grid ni gride ya chromium ya chromium yashyizwe ahagaragara ku kirahure, bikunze gukoreshwa mugupima imikorere ya sisitemu ya optique. Uburyo bukoresha impinduka muri Moiré Fringes yakozwe na gratings ebyiri kugirango isuzume uburebure bwibanze bwa sisitemu nziza. Igishushanyo cya Schematic cyerekana ihame ni ibi bikurikira:

Ku gishushanyo cyavuzwe haruguru, ikintu cyagaragaye, nyuma yo kunyura kuri Collimator, biba urumuri rusa. Mu nzira nziza, utabanje kwipimisha mbere, urumuri rubangikanye runyuze mu magufa abiri hamwe n'inguni ya θ no gufata umwanzuro wa D, ushyiraho urutonde rwa Moiré Fringes ku ndege. Noneho, lens yageragejwe ishyirwa munzira nziza. Umucyo wambere wagotse, nyuma yo gutumiza na lens, bizatanga uburebure runaka. Kugabanuka kwa RidIUS yoroheje birashobora kuboneka kuri formula ikurikira:

Mubisanzwe lens mu kizamini ishyirwa hafi yo gukurura bwa mbere, bityo uha agaciro muri formula yavuzwe haruguru ijyanye nuburebure bwibanze bwimisozi. Ibyiza byubu buryo nuko ishobora kugerageza uburebure bwibanze bwa sisitemu nziza kandi mbi yibanze.

2.6 OptiqueFiberAUtocollimimationMethod
Ihame ryo gukoresha fibre ya optique autocollimation uburyo bwo kugerageza uburebure bwibanze bwa lens bwerekanwe kumashusho hepfo. Ikoresha Opsics yo gusohora urumuri rwihariye runyura mumirongo igeragezwa hanyuma ku ndorerwamo yindege. Inzira eshatu za optique mu ishusho zerekana imiterere ya fibre nziza muburyo bwibanze, muburyo bwibanze, kandi hanze yibanda. Mu kwimura imyanya ya lens mukizamini inyuma kandi urashobora kubona umwanya wa fibre umutwe wibanze. Muri iki gihe, igiti kirimo gufungwa, kandi nyuma yo gutekereza nindorerwamo yindege, imbaraga nyinshi zizasubira kumwanya wumutwe wa fibre. Uburyo buroroshye muburyo bwo gushyira mubikorwa.

3.conse

Uburebure bwibanze nubutaka bwingenzi bwa sisitemu ya optique. Muri iki kiganiro, turasobanura ibisobanuro bya sisitemu ya optique yibanze nuburyo bwabwo. Ihujwe nigishushanyo cya Schematic, turasobanura ibisobanuro byibanze, harimo nibitekerezo byibintu byuburebure bwibanze, uburebure-bwibanze, hamwe nuburebure bwimbere. Mubikorwa, hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kugerageza uburebure bwibanze bwa sisitemu ya optique. Iyi ngingo itangiza amahame yo kwipimisha aho yahujwe, uburyo bwa Gaussian, uburyo bwo gukomeretsa burebure, abbe uburyo bwo gupima uburebure, uburyo bwo guhinduranya. Nizera ko mugusoma iyi ngingo, uzabona neza ibipimo byibanze muri sisitemu nziza.